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10.1080/15548627.2018.1461294 Autophagy 61 HuangT

Elevated NAD+ levels activate sirtuins, particularly SIRT1, which are NAD+-dependent deacetylases that regulate numerous metabolic processes including fat oxidation, glucose metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, and cellular stress responses

Upon tissue injury, locally released SDF-1 forms a chemotactic gradient that binds to CXCR4 expressed on the MSC surface, initiating intracellular signaling that guides MSC migration to the injury site ( The paracrine effect of MSCs complements their homing capability, together forming a critical defense mechanism against high-altitude-induced tissue injury

A lower FBR suggests reduced muscle protein degradation