paula's choice vitamin c + glutathione review 25% and Is Strong, Smart, and Somehow Not Irritating Glutathione + GAP technology (glutathione amino acid precursors) work to minimise irritation while amping up antioxidant protection and ingredient stability Sephora, Paula's Choice, New Release:

It helps improve skin elasticity, reduce wrinkles, and promote a youthful appearance

The improvement in energy metabolism in raspberries is likely related to the generation of ROS, which are by-products of the respiratory chain and activate the expression of genes involved in ROS neutralization as well as DNA protection from damage (PARP-2)

The increase in circulating homocysteine related to impaired homocysteine metabolism may favor the accretion of a pro-oxidant environment by increasing concentrations of free radicals, by maintaining metal ions in their reduced state suitable for the Fenton reaction, and by changing the redox status of intra- and extracellular thiol groups and, hence, the intracellular redox potential (Mansoor et al, 1993a

Why it works: While it doesnt directly lighten pigmentation, Hyaluronic Acid amplifies the effects of brightening ingredients like Kojic Acid by keeping the skin barrier healthy and hydrated